不定冠词
1.a表示“一个、一辆、一本、一台、一支、一根、一位……”。
an表示“一个、一辆、一本、一台、一支、一根、一位……”。与a意思相同,但为了避免发音混淆,用在以元音发音开头的名词(一般为a/e/i/o/u)前面。
比如《剑桥雅思真题7》中出现的an apprenticeship, an idea, an address, an hour, an important…, an organization, an area, an information, an international treaty, an eighty-year old。
2.常见用法:
(1)指一类人或事,相当于a kind of。
《剑桥雅思真题9》Test 4 Section 2
There's a kind of shelf there above the sink.
水槽上面有个架子。
(2)第一次提及某人、某物,非特指。
《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 3 Section 1
Are you a registered student?
你是注册学生吗?
(3)表示“每一”,相当于every, one。
《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 1 Passage 3
three times a day.
一天三次。
(4)用于固定词组中。
a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time等。
《剑桥雅思真题8》Test 4 Section 1
I'd just have to buy a couple of shirts.
我只需要买几件衬衫。
(5)用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后。
《剑桥雅思真题11》Test 1 Passage 1
This appears to be rather a future aspiration than a likelihood for the near future.
这似乎更像是未来的愿望,而非近期的可能性。
《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 2 Passage 3
A donkey is still an investment equal to an average household's income over half a year.
一头驴仍然是一项投资,相当于一个普通家庭半年以上的收入。
《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 3 Passage 3
The Strasbourg conference was one of the first events on such a scale to reach this conclusion.
斯特拉斯堡会议是第一次以如此规模得出这一结论的事件之一。
(6)用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后。
《剑桥雅思真题7》Test 2 Passage 2
Organic farming would be too big a jump in thinking and in practices for many farmers.
对于许多农民来说,有机农业在思想和实践上的飞跃太大了。
(7)用于抽象名词具体化的名词前,如success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化),意为“成功的人或事”。
《剑桥雅思真题13》Test 1 Passage 2
For Eastwood, the central feature of boredom is a failure to put our ‘attention system' into gear.
对伊斯特伍德而言,无聊的核心特征是未能将我们的“注意力系统”投入使用。
《剑桥雅思真题4》Test 3 Section 2
It's a must for young children.
这对小孩子来说是必需的。